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Monday, February 11, 2013

Tibetan Buddhism (Gelukpa Monastric System)





Chronology of Indian and Tibetan Buddhism (summarized by me)

422-399 B.C.E.     Life of Sakyamuni Buddha

405                        First Buddhist Council at Rajagrha
305                        Second Buddhist Council at Vaisali
284                        Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra
100                        Beginnings of Mahanaya Buddhism in India
1st Century C.E.    Buddhism enters Central Asia and China
150-250                Life of Nagarjuna (teacher-systematized Mahanaya teaching of emptiness and path of the             bodhisattva)



6th Century            Tibet invades Chinese territories in Central Asia
618-906                Chinese Tang DynastyL apogee of Buddhism in China
640                        Chinese princess Wencheng travels to Tibet to marry Songtsen Gampo
720-798                Tantric Buddhism arises and develops in India
760                        Santaraksita and Padmasambhava travel to Tibet, beginning of " First dissemination" of Buddhism
767                         Consecration of Samye, first monastery in Tibet
838-842                  Reign of Lang Darma, end of first dissemination
845                          Persecution of Buddhism in China
950                          Beginning of rivival of monastic Buddhism in central Tibet
late 10th century       Tibetans travel to India to study Buddhism
958-1055                 Life of great translator : Rinchen Sangpo
978                          Rinchen Sangpo returns from India, beginning of "second dissemination"
1042                       Atisa arrives in Tibet
1290-1364             Life of Pudon, Tibetan canon compiled by 1334
1292-1361             Life of Dolpopa, who initiated "other-emptiness" doctrine
1357-1419             Lift of Tsong Khapa, beginning of Gelukpa order
1409                       Founding of Ganden Monastery near Lhasa
1543-1588             Life of Sonam Gyatso, the third Dalai Lama, beginning of Dalai Lama lineage
1617-1682             Life of fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Losang Gyatso, beginning of rule of Tibet by Dalai Lama
1644-1912             Qing Dynasty in China, patronage of Tibetan Buddhism
1909-10                 Chinese troops under command of Ma Weiqi and Zhao Erfeng invade eastern Tibet, sack monasteries and march on Lhasa
1918                       Formal boundary between Tibet and China established
1950                       People's Liberation Army enters Tibet
1955                       Process of collecticization begins in Kham, monasteries destroyed, monks and nuns killed
1959                       March 10 uprising, fourteenth Dalai Lama flees to India, establishes government in exile, persecution of Buddhism by Chinese
1964-1974              Cultural Revolution in China and Tibet, widespread destruction of religious monuments
1976                        Death of Mao Zedong, some easing of religious repression
1987                         Dalai Lama proposes Five Point Peace Plan
1989                        Dalai Lama awarded Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Committee accused by China of "politicizing" the prize and interfering with its internal affairs, riots by scores of TIbetans suppressed by Chinese security forces
2006                       Dalai Lama denounces wearing of fur during Kalacakra ceremony in India, sparking fur burnings all over Tibetan cultural area







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